Established in 2004, the Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary is the smallest protected area under the state forest department. Covering over an area of about 2.74 hectares, the sanctuary also houses a shallow tidal lake surrounded by thick mangrove vegetation. The lake is connected with Kochi backwaters by a canal and is home to seven species of fishes. It is the only bird sanctuary in Kerala which is located in Mangrove forests. The word Mangal means mangroves in Portuguese.The Bird Sanctuary plays a significant role in balancing the ecology of Kochi, hence it is often regarded as the 'green lung of Kochi. This area is a roosting place for many kinds of resident and migratory birds. The sanctuary houses 41species of birds representing 25 families. The most common bird species found at Mangalavanam are common redshank, common greenshank, brahminy kite, white-breasted waterhen, and marsh sandpiper.